PHYSICAL PHARMACEUTICS-II
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Course Objectives
Upon the completion of the course student shall be able to
1. Understand various physicochemical properties of drug molecules in the designing the dosage forms
2. Know the principles of chemical kinetics & to use them for stability testing nad determination of expiry date of formulations
3. Demonstrate use of physicochemical properties in the formulation development and evaluation of dosage forms
Learning Outcomes
Upon successful completion of the course,students will be able to:
1. State the physicochemical properties of drug molecules, pH, and solubility
2. Explain the role of surfactants,interfacial phenomenon and
thermodynamics
3. Describe the flow behavior of fluids and concept of complexation
4. Analyze the chemical stability tests of various drug products
5. Understand the physical properties of solutions, buffers, isotonicity, disperse systems and rheology.
6. Understand of physicochemical properties of drugs including solubility, distribution, adsorption, and stability.
7. Have basic knowledge of pharmaceutical suspensions and colloids.
Course Syllabus
Module-I
Colloidal dispersions: Classification of dispersed systems & their general characteristics, size & shapes of colloidal particles, classification of colloids & comparative account of their general properties. Optical, kinetic & electrical properties. Effect of electrolytes, coacervation, peptization& protective action.
Module-II
Rheology: Newtonian systems, law of flow, kinematic viscosity, effect of temperature, non-Newtonian systems, pseudoplastic, dilatant, plastic, thixotropy, thixotropy in formulation, determination of viscosity, capillary, falling Sphere, rotational viscometers Deformation of solids: Plastic and elastic deformation, Heckel equation, Stress, Strain, Elastic Modulus
Module--III
Coarse dispersion: Suspension, interfacial properties of suspended particles, settling in suspensions, formulation of flocculated and deflocculated suspensions. Emulsions and theories of emulsification, microemulsion and multiple emulsions; Stability of emulsions, preservation of emulsions, rheological properties of emulsions and emulsion formulation by HLB method.
Module-IV
Micromeretics: Particle size and distribution, mean particle size, number and weight distribution, particle number, methods for determining particle size by different methods, counting and separation method, particle shape, specific surface, methods for determining surface area, permeability, adsorption, derived properties of powders, porosity, packing arrangement, densities, bulkiness & flow properties.
Module-V
Drug stability: Reaction kinetics: zero, pseudo-zero, first & second order, units of basic rate constants, determination of reaction order. Physical and chemical factors influencing the chemical degradation of pharmaceutical product: temperature, solvent, ionic strength, dielectric constant, specific & general acid base catalysis, Simple numerical problems. Stabilization of medicinal agents against common reactions like hydrolysis & oxidation. Accelerated stability testing in expiration dating of pharmaceutical dosage forms. Photolytic degradation and its prevention
REFERENCES
1. Physical Pharmacy by Alfred Martin, Sixth edition
2. Experimental pharmaceutics by Eugene, Parott.
3. Tutorial pharmacy by Cooper and Gunn.
4. Stocklosam J. Pharmaceutical calculations, Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia.
5. Liberman H.A, Lachman C., Pharmaceutical Dosage forms, Tablets, Volume-1 to 3, Marcel Dekkar Inc.
6. Liberman H.A, Lachman C, Pharmaceutical dosage forms. Disperse systems, volume 1, 2, 3. Marcel Dekkar Inc.
7. Physical Pharmaceutics by Ramasamy C, and Manavalan R.
Session Plan
Session-11
Stabilisation,protective Action and Application of colloids
Session-25
Interfacial Properties of suspended particles
Session-34
rheological properties of emulsions and emulsion formulation by HLB method
Session-37
methods for determining particle size by different methods
Session-45
Reaction kinetics: zero, pseudo-zero, first & second order
Session-47
Physical and chemical factors influencing the chemical degradation of pharmaceutical product: temperature
Session-48
Physical and chemical factors influencing the chemical degradation of pharmaceutical product: solvent,ionic strength
Session-49
Physical and chemical factors influencing the chemical degradation of pharmaceutical product: dielectric constant, specific & general acid base catalysis
Session-53
Accelerated stability testing in expiration dating of pharmaceutical dosage forms
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